Based on ASTM D 97. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which movement of the test specimen is observed under the prescribed conditions of the test. Main Research: Yung Chee Liang

Based on EN 116. The CFPP is the highest temperature at which a given volume of fuel fails to pass through a standard filtration device in a specific time, when cooled under standard conditions. Main Research: Yung Chee Liang

The determination is by titrimetry based on EN 14104. The acid value is expressed as the amount (in milligrammes) of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gramme of the biodiesel (mg KOH g-1). Main Research: Puah Chiew Wei

Based on EN 14103, and carried out using gas chromatography with internal calibration (methyl heptadecanoate). The methyl ester peaks in the analysis range from myristic acid (C14:0) to nervonic acid (C24:1). The result is expressed as the mass fraction in percent. Main Research: Puah Chiew Wei

Based on EN 14105. The determination is by gas chromatography with internal calibration. The contents are expressed in percentages (w/w), to the nearest 0.01%. Main Research: Harrison Lau Lik Nang