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Nanoemulsions are suitable for the efficient delivery of active ingredients through the skin. The large surface area of the emulsion system allows for the rapid penetration of actives such as vitamins and antioxidants into the skin. The application of nanoemulsions with lipid or non-soluble materials has produced enhanced skin properties. Incorporation of lipophilic materials such … Read more

The oil palm sector represents one of the major industries in Malaysia. The country has been one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil products in the world. Malaysia is also one of the main producers and exporters of palm kernel products, especially of palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake (PKC). PKC … Read more

Hydrazides are useful compounds having a general formula. They make up a versatile class of nitrogen substituted molecules with a high degree of chemical reactivity. They can be a precursor as well as an intermediate for many important organic molecules. Hydrazides of palm oil contains an amide, an anmmine group and a long-chain alkyl group, R. … Read more

It is no secret these days that the candle market has become more competitive. Retailers and consumers have become ‘price-sensitive’ to the many types of candles available in the market. Of all the basic types of candles, votives, container candles and pillars are currently the most popular. One of the essential requirements to develop a … Read more

Sorghum originated from Ethopia and Sudan. It was introduced into Malaysia in 1969, and has been cultivated at the Agriculture Station, Sungai Udang, Melaka, during the paddy off-season. Sorghum belongs to the family Graminineae, similar to wheat, rice and maize. It can reach up to 4 m in height and grow well in warm climate … Read more