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Cleanliness is next to godliness’ is a well known quotation. Cleanliness can be achieved through washing and this is where soap plays an important role. Soap has been in existence since the year 200 BC and its role as a cleansing agent has been well established, so much so that soap processing has developed tremendously … Read more

Microencapsulation is one of the techniques used downstream processing of palm oil and processed palm oil products. It is a technique by which droplets of liquid oil or solid fat particles of palm oil based products (core material) are coated with a thin film of coating/encapsulating agent (i.e a polymer). The structure formed by the … Read more

The word “salad” comes from the Latin herbasalata “salted herbs”. Its derivation suggests that in the early days, salads must have been freshly picked vegetables, seasoned with salt and eaten raw. However, more elaborate salads were known by the time of classical Rome.  Salads are served at the start of a meal, they excite the palate and … Read more

Shortenings are used for frying and baking. Commercial frying operations require that fried products have a good shelf life. Since the fat in the fried products has a large area that is exposed to air, it is susceptible and this will cause the products to become rancid. For this reason, the use of polyunsaturated oil … Read more

In Malaysia, there are various types of ice cream available commercially such as soft and hard ice cream, lolli-pops, chocolate ice-cream bars etc. Generally, ice-cream is made up of milkfat, solid non fat, sugar emulsifier and stabilizer. It can be classified as dairy and non dairy depending on the type of fat used. The commercial value of ice … Read more

The oil palm is the most productive of oil-bearing plant species. Commercial plantations in Malaysia are known to yield between 3-5 tonnes of crude palm oil/hectare/year which is about 10 times yield of oil obtained from other oilseed crops. Crude palm oil/olein is also known to contain a significant amount (0.05-0.07%) of carotenes which is responsible … Read more

The oil palm industry in Malaysia generates more than 1.3 million tonnes of oil palm trunks (OPT), 8.0 million tonnes of pruned and felled fronds (OPF), and 2.4 million tonnes of empty fruit brunches (EFB). These massive quantities of OPT, OPF and EFB are the biomass components available from replanting, and also through routine field … Read more

The commercial oil palm planting material, DxP, or known as tenera is produced by crossing largely Deli duras with selected pisiferas. There are a number of pisifera sources for seed production. One of the popular sources is AVROS population (Figure 1).  Main Researcher: Dr Rajanaidu, N 

A number of machines for the field in-field avacuation of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) have been introduced to the oil palm industry. These machines are generally suitable for use in dry and flat areas, and to some extent in wet areas. The choice of machine is merely dictated by the estates’ ground conditions. One system … Read more

Loose fruit collection has been a perpetual problem contributing to a decline in the extraction rate. This is a consequence of the labour shortage and unavailability of proper mechanical implement to assist in the operation. On the average, the loose fruits found at the base of the palm constitute about 3-5% of the bunch weight. … Read more