Senarai Teknologi 2014

Noodles are staple food in many Asian countries and account for more than 12% of global wheat production each year (Euromonitor, 2013). The world market size for noodle products had reached a total value of USD 2300 million in year 2013. Market players are aware of health concerns and some have initiated moves to provide healthier options (Euromonitor, 2013). Many functional ingredients have been … Read more

Ice cream is a complex combination of partially frozen foam of emulsion held together by emulsified fat. Ice cream is made by freezing and aerating pasteurised mix with agitation to incorporate air for a smooth and good consistency. Dairy fats are commonly used in the production of ice cream. They are primarily derived from milk, cream, butter and anhydrous milk fat. Milk fat … Read more

In culinary arts, the word fondant can refer to one or two types of sugar-based pastes used in preparing and decorating cakes, pastries and confectioneries. There are two types of fondant: 1) poured fondant, and 2) rolled fondant. Poured fondant is a sweet, creamy paste that can be used as a filling or icing for pastries. Rolled fondant is almost like very sweet … Read more

In general, it is well-known that vegetablebased waxes have many industrial applications and environmental benefits against petroleum-based wax. One of the many examples is in the production of candles. However, there are other areas where vegetablebased waxes can play a significant role. One of which is in the making of batik prints or designs. Batik printing is a process of decorating plain fabrics by … Read more

Lipstick base is a substance that is used to make lipsticks, balms or lip glosses. Lipsticks are intended to impart attractive colours, enhance the appearance of lips and hide unattractive features, such as very thick or very narrow lips. A lipstick is a combination of lipstick base and pigments. The major components of a lipstick base are oils and waxes. The addition of … Read more

Water-cast gels are used as facial masks with the potentials to adhere to the keratinous surface, hydrate and deliver the enriched supplements across the skin epidermis. The term hydrogel describes three-dimensional network structures obtained from a class of synthetic and/or natural polymers which can absorb and retain significant amount of water. The hydrogel structure is created by the hydrophilic groups or domains present in a … Read more

Shower gel, also known as bodywash, is the general term for liquid soap. It is available either in emulsion or clear types of products and used as a skin cleansing agent during showering or bathing. Shower gels are a combination of surfactants, water, skin conditioning agents and fragrances. It has chemical advantages over soap because it is milder at cleansing and less irritating to … Read more

Unlike conventional flexible polyurethane (PU) foams, memory foams are characterised by their slow recovery after compression. For example, when the human hand is positioned (Figure 1) on the memory foam, the foam progressively conforms to the shape of the hand, and after the hand is removed, the foam slowly resumes to its initial shape. In general, memory foams are used in pillows, upholstered furniture, … Read more

Termites are known to impact negatively on agriculture and construction industry imposing great damage to plantations and buildings. Financial loss due to termites infestations in Malaysia was estimated at RM 8- RM 10 million annually (Lee, 2002). The common method in termites control is by the use of emulsifiable concentrate termiticides. Such emulsifiable concentrates (EC) are petrochemicals-based and may pose risks to humans, animals, plants … Read more

Medium density fibreboard (MDF) is a bio-composite widely used particularly in furniture and building products. In Malaysia, most MDF plants use rubberwood (RW) as raw material, and of late the industry is facing a problem with the inconsistency in supply and the price hike of RW. Other materials such as mixed tropical hardwood (MTH) are used as part of raw materials to substitute RW … Read more