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Crude palm oil (CPO) consists of a bouquet of phytonutrients which are beneficial to health and well-being. Among the phytonutrients present in palm oil is the coenzyme Q10or ubiquinone. Coenzyme Q10 is present in CPO in the range of 10–80 ppm (Hamid et al., 1995; Tay and Choo, 2000). The relatively higher amount of carotenes … Read more

The major applications of a solvent are removal of coating (e.g. paints, varnishes), greases, oils and printing inks as well as industrial cleaners. However, most of the conventional cleaning agents are derived from petroleum, which are usually associated with occupational health risks and environment problems. Many conventional chlorinated, fluorocarbon and petroleum industrial solvents have been … Read more

Spent bleaching clay is a by-product of the palm oil refining industry. It is estimated that about 100 000 t or more of clay are utilized yearly in the refining process. In Malaysia, spent bleaching clay (SBC) is commonly disposed at landfills. However, such method of disposal has become increasingly unacceptable due to the potential … Read more

The global concern on environmental issues and the fast depletion of the fossil fuel resulting from the rapid industrialization of new nations have TTimposed a great strain on the developed countries to find alternate sources of fuels that are environmental friendly as well as nondepleting. The use of renewable energy (RE) for heating and power generation … Read more

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are a by-product produced in huge quantities by the palm oil mills. About 65% of EFB is either incinerated for bunch ash or recycled back to the plantation as mulching or used as solid fuel in the boilers to generate steam and electricity for the mills. According to Zin … Read more

The majority of goats in this country are reared by smallholders for their meat. Most of these goats roam freely in the plantations and few are integrated with the crops using workable system. There are only 58 commercial goat farms in the country and only four of them rear dairy goat for milking. The dairy … Read more

Maximum land use of oil palm area through crop integration can generate additional income to farmers especially during the immature phase of oil palm. One of the crops which has been identified suitable to be integrated with oil palm is pisang berangan. It is very popular among Malaysians and highly demanded for local consumption. It … Read more

Bactris gasipaes also known as peach palm or pejibaye is an important food crop in the humid lowlands of Central and South America. This species gives two edible products; starchy fruits and palm heart (salad). There is a great pressure to diversify the current plantation crops which are largely dominated by oil palm, rubber and … Read more

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, naturally present in small amounts in vegetable oils. It consists of eight tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers, namely, α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and plays an important role in the stabilization of oils and fats. Vitamin E components in palm oil especially γ- and … Read more

Oil yield (OY) is the most important selection criteria in breeding improvement programme. One way to increase OY is through increasing the bunch index (BI) besides increasing the oil to bunch ratio. BI is derived from the ratio of bunch dry matter to total dry matter production (BDM/BDM+VDM). Estimation of the parameter requires the measurement … Read more