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The fibre produced from empty fruit bunches using a crusher and mechanical screw has a high percentage of fines. For certain products, fines in the fibre matrix are undesirable. The fines may be short fibre fragments and peeled-off cell walls. A dynamic washer has been designed by MPOB recently to remove fines from oil palm … Read more

The palm oil industry generates large volumes of palm oil mill effluent (POME) – 52 million tonnes by 392 palm oil mills in 2005 (0.7 t per tonne fresh fruit bunch processed). Due to the high organic content of POME, anaerobic, followed by aerobic, digestion are employed to reduce its biological oxygen demand (BOD) to … Read more

The annual import of carbon products by Malaysia is approximately RM 24 million (Mohamad et al., 2000). Electrical carbon brush (ECB) is made of carbon and graphite with substantial amounts of metal powder and some additives for lubrication and adhesion. Measured amounts of these materials are ground, blended and mixed according to the grade required before … Read more

Hard carbons or carbon glassy, are obtained from carbonization of pre-cursors such as thermosetting polymers (for example, phenol formaldehyde resins, furfuryl H alcohol and divinylbenzene styrene copolymer), cellulose, charcoal and coconut shell. Hard carbon is used in the production of carbon electrodes. Commercially, carbon electrodes are made from petroleum coke and graphite and pitch that … Read more

Production of advanced carbon products from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) has been investigated since 2003 (Astimar et al., 2003). Recently, MPOB has developed Pa process to prepare high porosity carbon and molecular sieve carbon (MSC) for gas filtration from EFB (Astimar et al., 2005a, b) (Figure 1). EFB contains about 77.7% holocellulose, made up … Read more