TS

An artificial or synthetic seed (SS) is defined as a somatic (SE) or other selected tissue within a coating of a specific material, resembling a zygotic seed. The synthetic coating serves as an endosperm, consisting of among others, carbon sources, nutrients, growth hormones and anti-microbial agents. The synthetic coating and the embryo seed may be … Read more

Haploids are individuals with gametic chromosome number (n) or having a single set of chromosomes. Knowledge of the haploid number is useful in breeding and genetic studies. Haploids are used to produce double haploids (2n) where the chromosom number is doubled using chemicals. Chemicals such as colchicine or oryzalin interfere with tubulin formation during mitosis. … Read more

Several researchers have reported the importance of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon per nitrogen ratios (C/N) in microbial cultures. These information are useful in understanding the metabolism of microbes and may be used to select the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for cultivation. In wastewater and stream water, … Read more

The compund 1,4-dioxane can be formed as a by-product during the polymerisation of ethylene oxide (EO) to produce a polyethoxylate surfactant such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO) and polysorbates, as a result of the combination and rearrangement of EO. Polyethoxylated raw materials are widely used in cosmetic and personal care (CPC) products as surfactants, emulsifiers, … Read more

The use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted resulted in the growing concern on the presence and danger of residues in the environment. One of these is fungicide benomyl. Benomyl is an accepted common name for methl N-(1-butylcarbamoyl) henzimidazol-2-yl carbamate, a systematic fungicide used to control a wide range of fungal diseases of fruits, nuts, … Read more