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Fungi play important roles in soil structure, soil fertility and soil-plant interaction. Therefore, it is crucial to identify them. The FIDS 1 is a fungal identification system using ITS region which identifies a limited range of fungal species whereas, the FIDS 2 identified the fungal through LSU fragments with broader range of fungal species and the system is suitable for large number of samples. … Read more

The fungal population in oil palm plantation soil plays a diverse role that affect the palm tree productivity. Therefore, advance in fungal identification technique is crucial in order to investigate the importance of this microbial community. Fungal identification procedure is made easy by the introduction of MicroSeq® D2 LSU rDNA fungal identification sequencing system. This is an alternative molecular identification system for FIDS 1 and … Read more

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It is our first line of defense against external dirt, infections and other irritants that could potentially affect our health. Barrier protective products have been developed for skin protection that can ward off external harmful elements, which can penetrate the epidermis and cause untold damage to … Read more

Soap is the product of the reaction between a fatty acid and an alkali. Fatty acids are obtained from the triglycerides (fats and oils) of either animal or plant origin such as palm oil. There are three ways to make soap: saponification of oils/fats; neutralisation of fatty acids; and saponification of methyl esters of fatty … Read more

In 2010, about 13.1 million tonnes of surfactants were used globally, where 56% were anionic surfactants. Almost 49% of the surfactant produced was used in the household product category. Sulphonation plants which mainly produce anionic surfactants are scattered around the globe with capacities varying from 3000 to 50 000 t yr-1. It is estimated that … Read more