The production of charcoal normally involves the heating of the biomass raw material at temperatures between 300°C-500°C, in which volatiles are emitted and removed during the process (Payakkawan et al., 2014). The carbon content is thus enriched, and an initial porosity and some ordering in the carbon structure is formed.

Main Researcher: Dr Astimar Abd Aziz
Email: astimar@mpob.gov.my