Crude palm oil contains approximately 1% minor components: caratenoids, vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotri-enols), sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and other trace impurities. The most important are carotenoids and vitamin E, both of which possess important physiological properties. The orange red colour of crude palm oil is due to the presence of carotenoids with concentration ranging from 500 ppm to 800 ppm. The carotenoids are also a precursor of vitamin A and studies have shown that it possess protective properties against certain types of cancer.

Main Research: Nabilah Kamaliah Mustaffa