The conventional palm oill mills produce crude palm oil (CPO), palm kernels and other oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), fibre, shells and palm oil mill effluent (POME. Biomass such as EFB is used as mulch in the plantation to retain and recycle soil nutrients. In addition, all palm oil mills in Malaysia use fibre and shells as boiler fuel to produce steam for their processing needs and for electricity generation. However, a large amount of liquid biomass in the form of POME is also generated.

Main Research: Puah Chiew Wei