An artificial or synthetic seed (SS) is defined as a somatic (SE) or other selected tissue within a coating of a specific material, resembling a zygotic seed. The synthetic coating serves as an endosperm, consisting of among others, carbon sources, nutrients, growth hormones and anti-microbial agents. The synthetic coating and the embryo seed may be hydrated (to resemble a recalcitrant seed) or dessicated (to resemble a true seed). Synthetic seeds have been proven to be useful in many crops such as Citrus reticulate (Autonietta, 2007), rice (Roy and Mandal, 2008), ginger (Sundararj et al., 2010) and cauliflower (Rihan et al., 2011).  

Main Research: Dr Ahmad Tarmizi