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Modulating endogenous levels and/or production of novel fatty acid of oils has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing awareness by consumers of the impact that dietary lipids have on health. Commodity palm oil is composed of four main fatty acid: palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The percentage … Read more

Fertiliser is an important input in oil palm plantations, and has to be managed efficiency depends on the source type of fertiliser, method of placement, rate, frequency and timing of application. Previous work shows that application of fertiliser by general broadcast on clear-weeded circles, over the frond stack and outside the edge of the palm … Read more

The vermicomposting process has been described as the bio-oxidation and stabilisation of ooranic materials involving the hoint actions of earthworms and microorganisms (Aira et al., 2002). In contrast to traditional compost, vermicompost never heats up much above the ambient temperature. Many practitioners combine the two techniques, initially doung a partial pre-composting at high temperatures, followed … Read more

Bio fertiliser production in the oil palm industry has so far cincentrated mainly on the wastes from palm oil mills, but has excluded the refinery waste discharged by the palm oil refineries (POR). There are now 59 POR, and the generation of SBE has increased to 240 000 t annually. For the past 30 years, … Read more

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) enables a detailed evaluation of the environmental performance of the palm oil refining sector as it is a tool to measure the environmental aspects and potentia; impacts related to the refining process. LCA compiles an inventory of the inflow (material/resource and energy) and outflows (solid waste, gaseous and liquid emissions), evaluates … Read more