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MPOB has introduced the Integrated Ganoderma Management (IGM) which incorporates biological control by using micro-organism antagonist against basal stem rot (BSR) or Ganoderma disease (Idris,2011). Studies by several researchers have shown that many species of beneficial microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi have the ability to effectively suppress plant diseases. Actinomycetes are a group of microorganisms which produce secondary … Read more

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by the Ganoderma species is a serious problem to the oil palm industry (Idris,2012). MPOB has introduced the integrated Ganoderma Management (IGM) to find solution to the disease (Idris, 2011). Plant nutrients are primary components of disease control in many crops (Sharma, 2006; Mcmahon, 2012). Nutrients are inorganic elements that have been essential … Read more

Candle is a solid block of wax embeded with with a wick, ignited to provide light. The fuel source normally made of either pure blended wax materials (e.g tallow, bee wax, parrafin, vegetable waxes). Traditionally, candles have been used as a light and heat sources to illuminate and warm the surrounding environment. The use of … Read more

Chocolate spread is a sweet fat-based spread with major ingredients consisting of sugar, fat, cocoa powder, milk powder, stabiliser and emulsifier. The spread is a favourite amongst adults and children who like the taste of milk chocolate. The traditional product contains 38%-42% sugar, which is high in calorie (4 kcal g-1) Consumption of a high … Read more

Animal fats have been singled out as the cause of dietary diseases due to the saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids content. However, animal fat is one of the major ingredients in processed meat formulations. In order to reduce the consumption of animal fats in daily intakes, fat substitution can be done. This is applied in … Read more