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Activated carbon (AC) is widely used as an adsorbent in the treatment of liquids and gases. Many industries such as pharmaceutical, mining, petroleum, nuclear, water treatment, food and beverages are using activated carbon in their processing units. The important parts of the production process of activated carbon are the carbonisation (production of charcoal) and activation … Read more

Fruits of the oil palm can vary considerably based on their external appearance, notably the exocarp colour. The most common type of fruit colour is nigrescens (Nig), which is deep violet to black at the apex and pale yellow at the base when unripe. The colour of the Nig fruit varies to some extent on … Read more

The palm Bactris gasipaes also known as pejibaye or peach palm, is native to the tropical forests of South and Central America (Graefe et al., 2013). Bactris produces high fruit yields up to 3.8 t ha-1 yr-1 (Bolanho et al., 2013). The fruits (Figure 1) are rich in starch and contain all essential and non-essential … Read more

The livestock industry in Malaysia is growing in importance. Due to lack of local production, the industry relies heavily on the import of raw feed ingredients such as maize, soyabean and other grains. Monogastric animals such as cattle and poultry (Figures 1 and 2), the main consumers of these feed grain, suffer high production cost … Read more

Goose grass (Eleusine indica) (Figure 1) is a noxious weed in oil palm plantation in Malaysia. The weed is listed as one of the 10 worst weeds of the world (Lim and Ngim, 2000). E. indica competes strongly with oil palm for nutrient, water, light and space (Mohamad et al., 2010). Currently, application of herbicide … Read more