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The levels of heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, copper, tin, zinc, mercury and cadmium in edible oils and fats have been monitored because of their toxicity. The maximum permissible limit of these metals in edible oils and fats are stated in the Malaysian Food Regulations and Codex. Main Research: Dr. Mohtar Yusof 

Esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, commonly known as parabens are widely used as preservatives in cosmetic and personal care (CPC) products because they have a broad-spectrum anti microbial activity, non -irritating and non-sensitizing. They are stable over wide pH range and are sufficiently soluble in water to produce the effective … Read more

In Asia, 50% of women ages 15-30 years old are concerned about oily skins. In Europe, 80%-95% of the teenagers are concerned while in America only 50% of this specific population uses appropriate cleaning products by: ZAFARIZAL ALDRIN AZIZUL HASAN and ROSNAH ISMAIL ANTI-ACNE EFFICACY TESTING SERVICES 300 to fight oily skins with comedones (Mas-Chamberlaine … Read more

Biodegradability is one of the most important parameters for the environmental fate of a substance. There are three types of biodegradation process: Primary biodegradation is the measurement of conversion of an organic substance into different products by biological system. This is the first step in biodegradation. Readily biodegradation occurs when biodegradation performance is greater than … Read more

Isopropyl p-toluenesulphonic acid esters (IPTS) is a by-product that may be formed during synthesis of isopropyl palmitate (IPP) and isopropyl myristate (IPM). The synthesis route is via esterification of palmbased palmitic and palm kernel-based myristic acids, by reaction with isopropanol. Under certain reaction conditions (anhydrous, no base and high temperature) isopropyl alcohol may react with … Read more