By-products of the food and milling industries are mostly used as animal feeds and this is typically so with the case of palm kernel cake obtained from oil palm industry in Malaysia. Rubberseed cake can also be used as animal feed but due to the difficulty in collecting the seeds from the rubber estates, its usefulness has never been fully exploited. Further applications of the by-products of the food and milling industries would elevate the status of these industries and possibly initiate a supporting industry. 

Main Researcher: Karim, Y