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The use of traditional petroleum based grease raises environmental and food safety concerns. On the other hand, there is a scarcity of local grease manufacturers in Malaysia, highlighting the necessity to transfer grease processing technology and reduce dependence on imported greases. According to a market study(Markets and Markets, 2022), the global grease market is growing … Read more

Oil palm fields require regular maintenance, and mechanical machines are one of the most effective practices for controlling weeds (Darras et al., 2019). By maintaining the weeds, the plantation can ensure maximum yield and the health of its crops in a sustainable manner (Azwan et al., 2017). A mechanical mower is a technology used to … Read more

Poor fruit set has been reported at specific sites by some oil palm plantations and is a growing concern, especially in peat areas. The malformed and parthenocarpic fruits, if severe, could eventually affect productivity especially oil yield.Insufficient pollen source due to the low numbers of male inflorescence (MI) and scant breeding sites for the pollinating … Read more

The engine fuel filter blocking problem in vehicles running on biodiesel blends surfaced in 2007. Researchers discovered that this problem was due to the presence of steryl glucosides at very low level, less than 100 mg kg-1. In October 2008, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) incorporated a new parameter called the cold … Read more

Cheese analogue, commonly known as substitute cheese, is a cheese made with dairy, partial dairy or non-dairy ingredients. In cheese analogues, milk fats or milk proteins are partially or completely substituted with vegetable fats and oils. Milk fat substitution with vegetable oils is a growing trend in producing cheese-like products(Villamil et al., 2021). In recent … Read more