Based on ASTM E 203. The determination is carried out using the Karl-Fischer Titrator. The result is important as biodiesel is hygroscopic. Main Research: Harrison Lau Lik Nang

Based on ASTM D 2500. The cloud point is the temperature of a liquid specimen at which the smallest observable cluster of wax crystals first appears upon cooling under prescribed conditions. Main Research: Yung Chee Liang 

Based on ASTM D 97. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which movement of the test specimen is observed under the prescribed conditions of the test. Main Research: Yung Chee Liang

Based on EN 116. The CFPP is the highest temperature at which a given volume of fuel fails to pass through a standard filtration device in a specific time, when cooled under standard conditions. Main Research: Yung Chee Liang

The determination is by titrimetry based on EN 14104. The acid value is expressed as the amount (in milligrammes) of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize one gramme of the biodiesel (mg KOH g-1). Main Research: Puah Chiew Wei