The sample is diluted with kerosene using a 1:1 weight ratio. The resulting solution is directly injected into the plasma of the ICP OES spectrometer (Figure 1), and the content of Na, K, Ca and Mg is calculated with reference to a set of calibration solutions prepared. The wavelengths for the analysis of Na, K, […]

The biodiesel sample is diluted with a xylene solution. The potassium contentof the sample is directly determine by flame atomic absorption spectoromery (Figure 1) at a wavelength of 766.5 nm with reference to a set of calibration solutions prepared from a potassium organolmetallic salt dissolved in a mixture of xylene and stabilizer. Main Research: Yung […]

The biodiesel sample is diluted with xylene solution. The sodium content in the sample is directly determine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Figure 1) at the sample wavelength of 589 nm with reference to a set of calibration solutions prepared from a sodium organolmetallic salt dissolved in a mixture of xylene and stock oil. Main […]

Method 1: CaF2 Cell Beer’s Law The sample which has been diluted with cyclohexane is introduced into CaF2 (Figure 1) cell and the mid infraned absorption spectrum is recorded. The absorrbance of the typical absorption band for esters at about 1745 cm-1 is measured. The biodiesel content is then calculated with a calibration function produced […]

A sample is placed in a sample boat. The boat is then inserted into a high temperature combustion tube where the sulphur is oxidized to sulphur dioxide (SO2) in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The sample combustion gases are next exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The SO2 absorbs the energy from the UV light and is converted […]