Deodorant is one of the most common personal hygiene products used in the household. Liquid deodorants are applied to the body, especially to the underarms, to eliminate body odour caused by bacterial breakdown of perspiration. Deodorant are classified as over-the-counter (OTC) medicated cosmetics by the US Food and Drug Adminidtration (FDA). Many deodorants are alcohol-based. Alcohol initially […]

Oil losses occur at various stages of milling, particularly at the sterilizer station and oil recovery station. It is estimated that the oil content in the sterilizer condensate and sludge/ decanter is about 0.16% and 0.46% of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB), respectively (Othman and Ng, 2003). These two sludges are mixed and normally refereed […]

The cold soak filterability test (CSFT) was introduced as one of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) D6751-09a specifications in 2009. This requirement is mandatory for all biodiesel sold and used as blending stock in the USA. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), through commercial experiences and know how of the characteristic of […]

In 2009, Malaysian mills produced 27 000 t of PSO. The PSO collected from local palm oil mills has a high free fatty acid (FFA) content of up to 80% wt. PSO is normally sold at a discounted price relative to CPO and is exported to Third World countries for making soap. The typical properties […]

Being among the world’s largest palm oil producers, Malaysia generates huge quantities of oil palm biomass. The oil palm biomass, in particular mesocarp fibre, empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm shells, generated from the milling process has long been identifies and utilized as a sustainable renewable energy (RE) fuel in the country. To enhance furl quality […]