Crude palm oil contains approximately 1% minor components: caratenoids, vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotri-enols), sterols, phospholipids, glycolipids, and other trace impurities. The most important are carotenoids and vitamin E, both of which possess important physiological properties. The orange red colour of crude palm oil is due to the presence of carotenoids with concentration ranging from […]

Basic milling technology related to crude dilution control has not made significant advances in the last 25 years. Currently, there are no reliable methods of maintaining the oil to crude palm oil ration and in actual practice most mills do not alter dilution control with widely fluctuating mill throughputs. Crude palm oil that is discharged […]

The milling process depends on good boiler operation to supply steam and power for the production of crude palm oil and palm kernel. Palm oil mill boilers produce 20 to 40 hr-1 steam for power generation as well as for process heating. The steam boiler operation requires proper boiler water treatment, regular water analysis and […]

Abstract: Charcoal production is re-emerging industry. It not only supplies fuel in developing countries, but in recent decades, it has also supplied new multifuctional materials for environmental improvement and agricultural applications  in developed countries. These applications include air dehumidification and deodorisation, water purification and soil improvement using charcoal’s excellent adsoption capacity. Paradoxically, charcoal production might […]

Wood-based downstream in Malaysia mostly rubberwood (RW) as their main raw material for manufactured products, and there is high demand particularly from  the panel composite sector. Recently, there was insufficient supply due to high proliferation of such industries in Malaysia. The unsecure supply and price hike of RW has led the panel industries to look […]