Biosurfacents are natural surfactants derived from microbial origin containing mostly sugar and fatty acid moieties. They have higher biodegradability, lower toxicity and excellent bioogical activities than their synthetic counterpats. In addition, biosurfactants have better properties with respectto higher foarming capacity and activity at extreme temperatures, pH levels and salinity than the synthetic surfactants which are […]

Ornamental products are usually used to future enhance the beauty and value of a building. These ornamental products are made from cement, stone, wood, concrete or gypsum reinfoard with glass fibres. Ornamental products produced with conventional raw materials may have some disadvantages and limitations. In order to overcome these problems and to enhance the properties […]

Triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid) is a systematic herbicide to control woody plants and broadleaf weeds. Conventionally, triclopyr is pre-mixed in glyphosate herbicide foe maximum weed control. This study was carried out to develop an effective surfactant or mixed surfactants and palm-based solvents in producing 2-in-1 herbicides, oil in water (O/W) glyphosate-triclopyr for better weed control. From […]

Palm oil-based microemulsions are used as a basis for preparing aerosol insecticides against domestic insect pests. Palm-based solvents and blended emulsifiers are renewable resources, biodegradable, non-flammable, easy to handle, and cause less/no or minimum human health problems. Screening and partial ternary phase diagrams studies were carried out to determine suitable surfactant or mixed surfactants and/or […]

The systematic rotational grazing of cattle in oil palm plantations requires a minimum economic size of 100 cows in 400 ha (tot nO.96 and No.410). Thus, the technology is only suitable for estates. For smallholdings of 10 ha, an intensive management system is recommended. In an intensive cattle management system, cattle are stall-fed in the […]