Malaysia has more than 3.01 million hectares under oil palm cultivation in 1998. Besides producing palm and kernel oils, the industry also generates more than 30 million tonnes annually of biomass (EFB) and trunks (OPT) in harvesting, processing and replanting the crop, respectively. About two fronds are pruned from each palm per month during harvesting of […]

The paper industry use large and expensive equipment. For example, the cost of a single paper machine complex runs close to US$300 million and a fully-integrated bleached kraft pulp and paper mill costs almost US$1.5 billion. Such capital requirements for the construction of a conventional pulp mill has caused many investigators to take a fresh look […]

The use of cosmetic products is as old as civilization. During ancient times, people had already begun to use a variety of items to enhance their appearance. The renaissance era saw a wider acceptance of cosmetic products. This was the period of rose water, homemade soap, cucumber cream and rice powder. With development and improvement […]

Over the past years, natural or naturally derived cosmetic products have been swarming the market, replacing the synthetic based products. This change was mainly due to consumers’ preferences towards natural, mild and plant derived products. thus natural trend’ is not unfounded as the main competitor, cosmetic products derived from petroleum could contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons which […]

Over the past years, natural or naturally derived cosmetic products have been swarming the market, replacing the synthetic based products. This change was mainly due to consumers’ preferences towards natural, mild and plant derived products. thus natural trend’ is not unfounded as the main competitor, cosmetic products derived from petroleum could contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons which […]