Senarai Teknologi 2006 – Pemindahan Teknologi MPOB

TT No. 344: Palm-based Polyurethane Flexible Slabstock Foams

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 05:02:57 +0000

Polyurethanes, or PU, constitute a group of polymers with highly versatile properties anda wide range of commercial applications. The material is used in almost every aspect of human life, in a multitude of applications in industries such as construction, automobile, refrigeration, furniture including mattresses, adhesives and sealants, footwear, ship building, transport, packaging, coating and paints. PU is formed by reacting a polyol with a diisocyanate or polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. Apolyol is actually an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule. A broad spectrum of materials can be produced because of the variety of diisocyanates and polyols that can be used for different applications. Generally, there are three types of PU – rigid, semirigid and flexible. In this technology, the use of palmbased polyol in flexible PU slabstock is described.

Main Research: Dr Ooi Tian Lye

TT No. 343: Palm-based Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 05:02:17 +0000

Several types of polyols can be produced by MPOB’s pilot plant (800 kg capacity per batch). The polyols are obtained by reacting epoxidized palm oil with a short-chain alcohol, such as glycerol or ethylene glycol. These polyols can then be reacted with suitable isocyanates to give a variety of polyurethane (PU) products. The PU products can be rigid, semi-rigid or flexible and are suitable for industrial sectors like building industry, furniture, decorative and automotive parts (Figure 1). To date, MPOB has produced products like ceiling panels, sandwich boards for wall panelling, dry flora foam, thermal insulator for freezers and flexible soft foam for furniture and others.

Main Research: Tuan Noor Maznee Tuan Ismail

TT No. 342: Palm-based Cleaner for Automobiles-Engine Degreaser

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 05:01:39 +0000

Palm methyl esters have been found suitable as a green alternative to petroleum-based solvents. Palm methyl esters, in combination with surfactants, have good cleaning properties. The surfactants remove dirtfrom a soiledsurface while themethyl estershelptodissolve the polar deposits so that they remain suspended in the solution rather than being re-deposited on clean surfaces. The detergencies of these products are better or comparable to commercial samples as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Three car care products were formulated using palm methyl esters and palmbased surfactants – tyre cleaner and shine, dashboard cleaner and shine, and engine degreaser.

Main Research: Dr Yeong Shoot Kian

TT No. 341: Palm-based Cleaner for Automobiles-Dashboard Cleaner and Shine

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 05:01:10 +0000

Main Research: Dr Yeong Shoot Kian

TT No. 340: Palm-based Cleaner for Automobiles-Tyre Cleaner and Shine

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 05:00:14 +0000

Main Research: Dr Yeong Shoot Kian

TT No. 339: Palm Tocols (Tocopherols & Tocotrienols) as Standard Reference Materials (MRM-3)

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 04:58:45 +0000

There is high demand for tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) as standard reference materials in scientific analyses as well as medical research. In addition, many other industries use them, such as cosmetics and nutraceuticals. The high demand for tocols has boosted its price. While tocopherols are readily available from both natural and synthetic sources, the supply of tocotrienols is more limited. Tocols can be obtained from palm oil as it is gifted with an abundance of these valuable compounds. Following extraction and purification, the end product is a range of high purity tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers. Quality control measures are taken to ensure the stability, reliability and homogeneity of the products.

Main Research: Ng Mei Han

TT No. 338: Solid Separation From Sludge Using Membrane Filter Press

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 04:57:57 +0000

Filtration is used to dewater effluent, slurry and sludge. Sludge dewatering reduces its water content to be disposed of in landfills and reduces the volume of the residue for more stable and economical operation of the effluent plant. The major sludge dewatering processes include rotary drum vacuum filter, belt filter press and filter press. They use either negative or positive pressure to force water through the filter media, leaving the solids behind. Today most sludge dewatering uses a filter press with membrane plate to produce a high solids filter cake.

Main Research: Mohamad Sulong

TT No. 337: Crude Palm Oil Clarification by Cyclo-Separator and Filter Press System

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 04:57:04 +0000

In the clarification of crude palm oil in the mill, the crude slurry is held for 4 to 7 hr in a vertical clarifier to allow the oil to rise above the sludge. Hot water is added and the temperature maintained at 95o C to reduce the viscosity of the slurry to enhance the rising of the oil. However, these conditions also promote hydrolysis of the oil to free fatty acids and their oxidization to peroxides. These unwanted reactions must be controlled to maintain the oil quality. A new concept for clarifying crude palm oil was recently proposed by MPOB to reduce the clarification time and hence, the oil quality deterioration. The process uses a cyclo-separator together with a filter press to remove suspended solids from the process stream, thus, reducing the organic constituents of the waste water leaving the clarification plant. With less solids, less land are required for effluent treatment plant. Thus, leads to a simpler design of the biological process.

Main Research: Mohamad Sulong

TT No. 336: Fibre Washing Using Dynamic Washer

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 04:55:03 +0000

The fibre produced from empty fruit bunches using a crusher and mechanical screw has a high percentage of fines. For certain products, fines in the fibre matrix are undesirable. The fines may be short fibre fragments and peeled-off cell walls. A dynamic washer has been designed by MPOB recently to remove fines from oil palm fibre.

Main Research: Mohamad Sulong

TT No. 335: Mobile Filter Press for Effluent Pond Cleaning

Norsuzaini — Tue, 18 Feb 2020 04:53:56 +0000

The palm oil industry generates large volumes of palm oil mill effluent (POME) – 52 million tonnes by 392 palm oil mills in 2005 (0.7 t per tonne fresh fruit bunch processed). Due to the high organic content of POME, anaerobic, followed by aerobic, digestion are employed to reduce its biological oxygen demand (BOD) to 50 mg per litre before discharged into public waterways. Despite the good BOD removal by the processes, the volume of the residual sludge remains considerable. It is estimated that 1800 m3 per year of sludge are produced by a mill processing 500 t per day of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) with another 7200 m3 of undigested suspended solids from the influent stream, resulting in a total of 9000 m3 a year. The sludge in a biological pond would require proper management to prevent its deposition at the bottom which would then slow down the organic matter decomposition compromising the BOD removal efficiency.

Main Research: Mohamad Sulong